红帽系Linux软件包管理
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2025-10-03
红帽系Linux软件包管理
操作系统肯定会涉及到软件包管理，想要彻底理清这一块内容。不论是
rpm,yum亦或是dnf，想要都搞明白。
一、RPM
Reahat Package Manager的缩写。
1.1 安装
rpm -i telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
-i--install，安装，但是没有任何提示。所以常配合vg参数-v--verbose冗长的，会显示详细的安装信息-h--hash会输出#
# 仅参数i
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -i telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos7 ~]#
# iv配合
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -iv telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing packages...
telnet-1:0.17-66.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#
# ivh配合
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ivh telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:telnet-1:0.17-66.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.2 卸载
rpm -e telnet
-e,--erase=卸载 ，也可以配合vh参数
# 仅参数e
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -e telnet
[root@centos7 ~]#
# ev配合
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ev telnet
Preparing packages...
telnet-1:0.17-66.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#
# evh 配合
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -evh telnet
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Cleaning up / removing...
1:telnet-1:0.17-66.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.3 查询
1.3.1 查询所有安装的包
rpm -qa
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qa |head
kbd-misc-1.15.5-15.el7.noarch
grub2-common-2.02-0.86.el7.centos.noarch
firewalld-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch
setup-2.8.71-11.el7.noarch
tuned-2.11.0-9.el7.noarch
basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch
open-vm-tools-11.0.5-3.el7.x86_64
ncurses-base-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.noarch
lvm2-2.02.187-6.el7.x86_64
tzdata-2020a-1.el7.noarch
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.3.2 查询包是否安装
但是不好用，必须要输入完整包名，很多时候其实记不住完整的包名
rpm -q 包名
# 输入正确的包名
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q python
python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64
# 输入不完整的包名，查询不到
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q pyth
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.3.3 查询包涉及的文件
rpm -ql 包名
# 查询python涉及的文件
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql python
/usr/bin/pydoc
/usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python2
/usr/bin/python2.7
/usr/libexec/platform-python
/usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5
/usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/python-2.7.5/README
/usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/python2.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/python2.7.1.gz
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.3.4 查询文件/目录属于哪个包
rpm -qf 文件路径
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/python/
python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.3.5 查询包的详细信息
rpm -qi 包名
# 查询python的详细信息
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qi python
Name : python
Version : 2.7.5
Release : 89.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sun 28 Sep 2025 04:05:12 PM CST
Group : Development/Languages
Size : 80835
License : Python
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Thu 15 Oct 2020 02:59:06 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : python-2.7.5-89.el7.src.rpm
Build Date : Wed 14 Oct 2020 11:09:26 PM CST
Build Host : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://www.python.org/
Summary : An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
Description :
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
language often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java. Python includes
modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types and
dynamic typing. Python supports interfaces to many system calls and
libraries, as well as to various windowing systems (X11, Motif, Tk,
Mac and MFC).
Programmers can write new built-in modules for Python in C or C++.
Python can be used as an extension language for applications that need
a programmable interface.
Note that documentation for Python is provided in the python-docs
package.
This package provides the "python" executable; most of the actual
implementation is within the "python-libs" package.
[root@centos7 ~]#
1.4 RPM的缺点
无法自动解决依赖关系，例如安装nginx 依赖于其他三个包（nginx-all-modules、nginx-filesystem、gperftools-libs（动态库一般需要它））
而依赖的包，可能也依赖与别的包，会导致手动安装非常繁琐。
# 下载
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/infra/x86_64/infra-common/Packages/n/nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 安装，显示缺少三个包
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f56d1621: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) is needed by nginx-1:1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 is needed by nginx-1:1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem is needed by nginx-1:1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 is needed by nginx-1:1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#
二、YUM
yum是rpm的抽象层，底层调用rpm，会自动解决依赖关系。
3.1 安装
yum install 包名
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 2.7 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package
Total download size: 2.7 M
Installed size: 9.4 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:
- 输入
y确认安装 - 输入
d只下载不安装 - 输入
n不安装
默认需要手动输入y 确定安装，可以使用-y 自动确认。
yum install 包名 -y
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 updates 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 94 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
(1/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:01
(3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00
(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:04
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 714 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:04
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
3.2 卸载
yum erase 包名
别名，一样的效果，用 remove 容易记忆。
yum remove 包名
[root@centos7 ~]# yum erase httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================Removing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 @updates 9.4 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 9.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
也可以配合-y 绕过确认
[root@centos7 ~]# yum erase httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================Removing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 @updates 9.4 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1
Complete!
[root@centos7 ~]#
3.3 更新
yum update 包名
[root@centos7 ~]# yum update httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
No packages marked for update
[root@centos7 ~]#
不带包名的话，会更新所有的包，也可以配合 -y 绕过手动确认，不过更新所有包时不建议使用-y 参数，需要评估一下影响。
[root@centos7 ~]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-34.el7 will be updated
---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-35.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package bind-export-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7 will be updated
---> Package bind-export-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16 will be an update
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.27-44.base.el7 will be updated
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.27-44.base.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package ca-certificates.noarch 0:2020.2.41-70.0.el7_8 will be updated
---> Package ca-certificates.noarch 0:2023.2.60_v7.0.306-72.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:7-9.2009.0.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:7-9.2009.2.el7.centos will be an update
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-24.el7 will be updated
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-24.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.11-23.el7 will be updated
---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.11-25.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.11-23.el7 will be updated
---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.11-25.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7 will be updated
---> Package cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 0:2.1.26-24.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-3.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.2.5-82.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 will be an update
---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.2.5-82.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 will be an update
---> Package dhcp-libs.x86_64 12:4.2.5-82.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package dhcp-libs.x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 will be an update
---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-5.el7 will be updated
---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-6.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package dmidecode.x86_64 1:3.2-5.el7 will be updated
---> Package dmidecode.x86_64 1:3.2-5.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package expat.x86_64 0:2.1.0-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package expat.x86_64 0:2.1.0-15.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package firewalld.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package firewalld.noarch 0:0.6.3-13.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package firewalld-filesystem.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package firewalld-filesystem.noarch 0:0.6.3-13.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-14.el7 will be updated
---> Package freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-14.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-9.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-317.el7 will be updated
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-317.el7 will be updated
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-common.noarch 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-common.noarch 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-pc.x86_64 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-pc.x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-pc-modules.noarch 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-pc-modules.noarch 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-tools-extra.x86_64 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-tools-extra.x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64 1:2.02-0.86.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 will be an update
---> Package gzip.x86_64 0:1.5-10.el7 will be updated
---> Package gzip.x86_64 0:1.5-11.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.53-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.53-1.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package iprutils.x86_64 0:2.4.17.1-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package iprutils.x86_64 0:2.4.17.1-3.el7_7 will be an update
---> Package iwl100-firmware.noarch 0:39.31.5.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl100-firmware.noarch 0:39.31.5.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl1000-firmware.noarch 1:39.31.5.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl1000-firmware.noarch 1:39.31.5.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl105-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl105-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl135-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl135-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl2000-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl2000-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl2030-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl2030-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl3160-firmware.noarch 0:25.30.13.0-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl3160-firmware.noarch 0:25.30.13.0-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl3945-firmware.noarch 0:15.32.2.9-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl3945-firmware.noarch 0:15.32.2.9-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl4965-firmware.noarch 0:228.61.2.24-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl4965-firmware.noarch 0:228.61.2.24-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl5000-firmware.noarch 0:8.83.5.1_1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl5000-firmware.noarch 0:8.83.5.1_1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl5150-firmware.noarch 0:8.24.2.2-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl5150-firmware.noarch 0:8.24.2.2-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl6000-firmware.noarch 0:9.221.4.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl6000-firmware.noarch 0:9.221.4.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl6000g2a-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl6000g2a-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl6000g2b-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl6000g2b-firmware.noarch 0:18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl6050-firmware.noarch 0:41.28.5.1-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl6050-firmware.noarch 0:41.28.5.1-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package iwl7260-firmware.noarch 0:25.30.13.0-79.el7 will be updated
---> Package iwl7260-firmware.noarch 0:25.30.13.0-83.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package kbd.x86_64 0:1.15.5-15.el7 will be updated
---> Package kbd.x86_64 0:1.15.5-16.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package kbd-legacy.noarch 0:1.15.5-15.el7 will be updated
---> Package kbd-legacy.noarch 0:1.15.5-16.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package kbd-misc.noarch 0:1.15.5-15.el7 will be updated
---> Package kbd-misc.noarch 0:1.15.5-16.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package kernel-tools.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.el7 will be updated
---> Package kernel-tools.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 will be an update
---> Package kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.el7 will be updated
---> Package kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 will be an update
---> Package kexec-tools.x86_64 0:2.0.15-51.el7 will be updated
---> Package kexec-tools.x86_64 0:2.0.15-51.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-133.el7 will be updated
---> Package kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-136.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-50.el7 will be updated
---> Package krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-55.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package less.x86_64 0:458-9.el7 will be updated
---> Package less.x86_64 0:458-10.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package libblkid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7 will be updated
---> Package libblkid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package libcroco.x86_64 0:0.6.12-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package libcroco.x86_64 0:0.6.12-6.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package libmount.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7 will be updated
---> Package libmount.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package libsmartcols.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7 will be updated
---> Package libsmartcols.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.8.0-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.8.0-4.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package libuuid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7 will be updated
---> Package libuuid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 will be updated
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_9.6 will be an update
---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-79.git78c0348.el7 will be updated
---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-83.git78c0348.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7 will be updated
---> Package lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7_9.5 will be an update
---> Package microcode_ctl.x86_64 2:2.1-73.el7 will be updated
---> Package microcode_ctl.x86_64 2:2.1-73.20.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.21.0-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.35.0-1.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss.x86_64 0:3.44.0-7.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss.x86_64 0:3.90.0-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss-pem.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package nss-pem.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.44.0-8.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.90.0-6.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.44.0-8.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.90.0-6.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.44.0-7.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.90.0-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.44.0-7.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.90.0-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package nss-util.x86_64 0:3.44.0-4.el7_7 will be updated
---> Package nss-util.x86_64 0:3.90.0-1.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package open-vm-tools.x86_64 0:11.0.5-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package open-vm-tools.x86_64 0:11.0.5-3.el7_9.9 will be an update
---> Package openldap.x86_64 0:2.4.44-22.el7 will be updated
---> Package openldap.x86_64 0:2.4.44-25.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package openssh.x86_64 0:7.4p1-21.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssh.x86_64 0:7.4p1-23.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package openssh-clients.x86_64 0:7.4p1-21.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssh-clients.x86_64 0:7.4p1-23.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:7.4p1-21.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:7.4p1-23.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package polkit.x86_64 0:0.112-26.el7 will be updated
---> Package polkit.x86_64 0:0.112-26.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package python-firewall.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package python-firewall.noarch 0:0.6.3-13.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package python-perf.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.el7 will be updated
---> Package python-perf.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 will be an update
---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-45.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-48.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-45.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-48.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-45.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-48.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-45.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-48.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package rsyslog.x86_64 0:8.24.0-55.el7 will be updated
---> Package rsyslog.x86_64 0:8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-268.el7 will be updated
---> Package selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-268.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-268.el7 will be updated
---> Package selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-268.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.23-10.el7 will be updated
---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.9 will be an update
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.9 will be an update
---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-78.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.9 will be an update
---> Package tuned.noarch 0:2.11.0-9.el7 will be updated
---> Package tuned.noarch 0:2.11.0-12.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2024a-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package util-linux.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7 will be updated
---> Package util-linux.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.629-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package virt-what.x86_64 0:1.18-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package virt-what.x86_64 0:1.18-4.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package wpa_supplicant.x86_64 1:2.6-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package wpa_supplicant.x86_64 1:2.6-12.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package xmlsec1.x86_64 0:1.2.20-7.el7_4 will be updated
---> Package xmlsec1.x86_64 0:1.2.20-8.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package xmlsec1-openssl.x86_64 0:1.2.20-7.el7_4 will be updated
---> Package xmlsec1-openssl.x86_64 0:1.2.20-8.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package xz.x86_64 0:5.2.2-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package xz.x86_64 0:5.2.2-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package xz-libs.x86_64 0:5.2.2-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package xz-libs.x86_64 0:5.2.2-2.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7 will be updated
---> Package zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================Installing:
kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates 52 M
Updating:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates 1.9 M
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates 1.7 M
NetworkManager-team x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates 165 k
NetworkManager-tui x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates 329 k
bash x86_64 4.2.46-35.el7_9 updates 1.0 M
bind-export-libs x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16 updates 1.1 M
binutils x86_64 2.27-44.base.el7_9.1 updates 5.9 M
ca-certificates noarch 2023.2.60_v7.0.306-72.el7_9 updates 923 k
centos-release x86_64 7-9.2009.2.el7.centos updates 27 k
coreutils x86_64 8.22-24.el7_9.2 updates 3.3 M
cronie x86_64 1.4.11-25.el7_9 updates 92 k
cronie-anacron x86_64 1.4.11-25.el7_9 updates 36 k
cyrus-sasl-lib x86_64 2.1.26-24.el7_9 updates 156 k
device-mapper x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 updates 297 k
device-mapper-event x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 updates 192 k
device-mapper-event-libs x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 updates 192 k
device-mapper-libs x86_64 7:1.02.170-6.el7_9.5 updates 325 k
device-mapper-persistent-data x86_64 0.8.5-3.el7_9.2 updates 423 k
dhclient x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 updates 286 k
dhcp-common x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 updates 177 k
dhcp-libs x86_64 12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.2 updates 133 k
diffutils x86_64 3.3-6.el7_9 updates 322 k
dmidecode x86_64 1:3.2-5.el7_9.1 updates 82 k
expat x86_64 2.1.0-15.el7_9 updates 83 k
firewalld noarch 0.6.3-13.el7_9 updates 449 k
firewalld-filesystem noarch 0.6.3-13.el7_9 updates 51 k
freetype x86_64 2.8-14.el7_9.1 updates 380 k
glib2 x86_64 2.56.1-9.el7_9 updates 2.5 M
glibc x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9.3 updates 3.6 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9.3 updates 12 M
grub2 x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 35 k
grub2-common noarch 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 733 k
grub2-pc x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 35 k
grub2-pc-modules noarch 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 861 k
grub2-tools x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 1.8 M
grub2-tools-extra x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 1.0 M
grub2-tools-minimal x86_64 1:2.02-0.87.0.2.el7.centos.14 updates 178 k
gzip x86_64 1.5-11.el7_9 updates 130 k
initscripts x86_64 9.49.53-1.el7_9.1 updates 440 k
iprutils x86_64 2.4.17.1-3.el7_7 updates 243 k
iwl100-firmware noarch 39.31.5.1-83.el7_9 updates 156 k
iwl1000-firmware noarch 1:39.31.5.1-83.el7_9 updates 215 k
iwl105-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 235 k
iwl135-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 243 k
iwl2000-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 237 k
iwl2030-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 246 k
iwl3160-firmware noarch 25.30.13.0-83.el7_9 updates 1.5 M
iwl3945-firmware noarch 15.32.2.9-83.el7_9 updates 97 k
iwl4965-firmware noarch 228.61.2.24-83.el7_9 updates 110 k
iwl5000-firmware noarch 8.83.5.1_1-83.el7_9 updates 290 k
iwl5150-firmware noarch 8.24.2.2-83.el7_9 updates 152 k
iwl6000-firmware noarch 9.221.4.1-83.el7_9 updates 172 k
iwl6000g2a-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 305 k
iwl6000g2b-firmware noarch 18.168.6.1-83.el7_9 updates 305 k
iwl6050-firmware noarch 41.28.5.1-83.el7_9 updates 242 k
iwl7260-firmware noarch 25.30.13.0-83.el7_9 updates 14 M
kbd x86_64 1.15.5-16.el7_9 updates 347 k
kbd-legacy noarch 1.15.5-16.el7_9 updates 466 k
kbd-misc noarch 1.15.5-16.el7_9 updates 1.4 M
kernel-tools x86_64 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates 8.2 M
kernel-tools-libs x86_64 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates 8.1 M
kexec-tools x86_64 2.0.15-51.el7_9.3 updates 351 k
kpartx x86_64 0.4.9-136.el7_9 updates 81 k
krb5-libs x86_64 1.15.1-55.el7_9 updates 810 k
less x86_64 458-10.el7_9 updates 120 k
libblkid x86_64 2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 updates 183 k
libcroco x86_64 0.6.12-6.el7_9 updates 105 k
libmount x86_64 2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 updates 185 k
libsmartcols x86_64 2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 updates 143 k
libssh2 x86_64 1.8.0-4.el7_9.1 updates 88 k
libuuid x86_64 2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 updates 84 k
libxml2 x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_9.6 updates 668 k
linux-firmware noarch 20200421-83.git78c0348.el7_9 updates 80 M
lvm2 x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7_9.5 updates 1.3 M
lvm2-libs x86_64 7:2.02.187-6.el7_9.5 updates 1.1 M
microcode_ctl x86_64 2:2.1-73.20.el7_9 updates 6.8 M
nspr x86_64 4.35.0-1.el7_9 updates 128 k
nss x86_64 3.90.0-2.el7_9 updates 905 k
nss-pem x86_64 1.0.3-7.el7_9.1 updates 75 k
nss-softokn x86_64 3.90.0-6.el7_9 updates 383 k
nss-softokn-freebl x86_64 3.90.0-6.el7_9 updates 321 k
nss-sysinit x86_64 3.90.0-2.el7_9 updates 67 k
nss-tools x86_64 3.90.0-2.el7_9 updates 557 k
nss-util x86_64 3.90.0-1.el7_9 updates 80 k
open-vm-tools x86_64 11.0.5-3.el7_9.9 updates 680 k
openldap x86_64 2.4.44-25.el7_9 updates 356 k
openssh x86_64 7.4p1-23.el7_9 updates 510 k
openssh-clients x86_64 7.4p1-23.el7_9 updates 655 k
openssh-server x86_64 7.4p1-23.el7_9 updates 459 k
openssl x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 updates 494 k
openssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 updates 1.2 M
polkit x86_64 0.112-26.el7_9.1 updates 170 k
python-firewall noarch 0.6.3-13.el7_9 updates 355 k
python-perf x86_64 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates 8.2 M
rpm x86_64 4.11.3-48.el7_9 updates 1.2 M
rpm-build-libs x86_64 4.11.3-48.el7_9 updates 108 k
rpm-libs x86_64 4.11.3-48.el7_9 updates 279 k
rpm-python x86_64 4.11.3-48.el7_9 updates 84 k
rsyslog x86_64 8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 updates 622 k
selinux-policy noarch 3.13.1-268.el7_9.2 updates 498 k
selinux-policy-targeted noarch 3.13.1-268.el7_9.2 updates 7.0 M
sudo x86_64 1.8.23-10.el7_9.3 updates 844 k
systemd x86_64 219-78.el7_9.9 updates 5.1 M
systemd-libs x86_64 219-78.el7_9.9 updates 419 k
systemd-sysv x86_64 219-78.el7_9.9 updates 98 k
tuned noarch 2.11.0-12.el7_9 updates 270 k
tzdata noarch 2024a-1.el7 updates 497 k
util-linux x86_64 2.23.2-65.el7_9.1 updates 2.0 M
vim-minimal x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 443 k
virt-what x86_64 1.18-4.el7_9.1 updates 30 k
wpa_supplicant x86_64 1:2.6-12.el7_9.2 updates 1.2 M
xmlsec1 x86_64 1.2.20-8.el7_9 updates 177 k
xmlsec1-openssl x86_64 1.2.20-8.el7_9 updates 76 k
xz x86_64 5.2.2-2.el7_9 updates 229 k
xz-libs x86_64 5.2.2-2.el7_9 updates 103 k
zlib x86_64 1.2.7-21.el7_9 updates 90 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package
Upgrade 116 Packages
Total download size: 261 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:
3.4 查询
3.4.1 查询所有可用的软件清单
yum list
[root@centos7 ~]# yum list |head -n20
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda
acl.x86_64 2.2.51-15.el7 @anaconda
aic94xx-firmware.noarch 30-6.el7 @anaconda
alsa-firmware.noarch 1.0.28-2.el7 @anaconda
alsa-lib.x86_64 1.1.8-1.el7 @anaconda
alsa-tools-firmware.x86_64 1.1.0-1.el7 @anaconda
apr.x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 @base
apr-util.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 @updates
audit.x86_64 2.8.5-4.el7 @anaconda
audit-libs.x86_64 2.8.5-4.el7 @anaconda
authconfig.x86_64 6.2.8-30.el7 @anaconda
Exiting on Broken Pipe
[root@centos7 ~]#
3.4.2 从软件清单中查询某个包
yum list 包名
[root@centos7 ~]# yum list httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 @updates
[root@centos7 ~]#
3.4.3 查询包的信息
yum info 包名
bash[root@centos7 ~]# yum info httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 99.el7.centos.1
Size : 9.4 M
Repo : installed
From repo : updates
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
[root@centos7 ~]#
3.4.4 使用关键字搜索某个包
yum search 包名
[root@centos7 ~]# yum search httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
========================================================================== N/S matched: httpd ===========================================================================dmlite-apache-httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTPD frontend for dmlite
iipsrv-httpd-fcgi.noarch : Apache HTTPD files for iipsrv
keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client
libmicrohttpd-devel.i686 : Development files for libmicrohttpd
libmicrohttpd-devel.x86_64 : Development files for libmicrohttpd
libmicrohttpd-doc.noarch : Documentation for libmicrohttpd
lighttpd-fastcgi.x86_64 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration
lighttpd-mod_authn_gssapi.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses GSSAPI
lighttpd-mod_authn_mysql.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database
lighttpd-mod_authn_pam.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses PAM
lighttpd-mod_geoip.x86_64 : GeoIP module for lighttpd to use for location lookups
lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database
pagure-web-apache-httpd.noarch : Apache HTTPD configuration for Pagure
python2-keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client
radicale-httpd.noarch : httpd config for Radicale
sympa-lighttpd.x86_64 : Sympa with lighttpd
darkhttpd.x86_64 : A secure, lightweight, fast, single-threaded HTTP/1.1 server
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-itk.x86_64 : MPM Itk for Apache HTTP Server
httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server
libmicrohttpd.i686 : Lightweight library for embedding a webserver in applications
libmicrohttpd.x86_64 : Lightweight library for embedding a webserver in applications
lighttpd.x86_64 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements
mirmon-httpd.noarch : Apache configuration for mirmon
mod_auth_mellon.x86_64 : A SAML 2.0 authentication module for the Apache Httpd Server
mod_dav_svn.x86_64 : Apache httpd module for Subversion server
opensips-httpd.x86_64 : HTTP transport layer implementation
perl-Test-Fake-HTTPD.noarch : Fake HTTP server module for testing
python2-sphinxcontrib-httpdomain.noarch : Sphinx domain for documenting HTTP APIs
sympa-httpd.x86_64 : Sympa with Apache HTTP Server
sysusage-httpd.noarch : Apache configuration for sysusage
thttpd.x86_64 : A tiny, turbo, throttleable lightweight HTTP server
viewvc-httpd-fcgi.noarch : ViewVC configuration for Apache/mod_fcgid
viewvc-httpd-wsgi.noarch : ViewVC configuration for Apache/mod_wsgi
web-assets-httpd.noarch : Web Assets aliases for the Apache HTTP daemon
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@centos7 ~]#
默认会搜索出很多不相关的包。
3.4.5 通过可执行文件来搜索包名（好用）
yum provides "*bin/名称"
[root@centos7 ~]# yum provides "*bin/netstat"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /bin/netstat
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /bin/netstat
[root@centos7 ~]#
3.5 软件仓库
简单来说，就是从哪里可以下载软件包，centos7默认提供的仓库已经不维护了，所以一般改用阿里云、网易、清华源等镜像仓库。
每个仓库体现在/etc/yum.repos.d 目录下的一个.repo 文件，里面记录了从哪里下载。
base.repo核心仓库。epel.repo企业版Linux额外软件
3.5.1 换仓库源
把无效的.repo 文件删除/备份，下载可用的.repo 文件即可。
#配置阿里云基础源（base,extras,updates）
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#配置阿里云EPEL源
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
curl https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
3.5.2 生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
3.5.3 查看仓库列表
yum repolist
[root@centos7 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,791
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 526
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 6,173
repolist: 30,562
[root@centos7 ~]#
三、DNF
| 特性 | yum | dnf |
|---|---|---|
| 全称 | Yellowdog Updater Modified | Dandified YUM |
| 版本 | CentOS 7 默认 | CentOS 8+ 默认 |
| 依赖处理 | 基于 Python 2，依赖解析比较慢 | 基于 libsolv（更高效），依赖解析快 |
| 性能 | 较慢，尤其是大仓库 | 快，内存占用低 |
| 插件机制 | 丰富，但维护复杂 | 插件机制改进，更稳定 |
| 事务管理 | 基本事务处理 | 支持回滚（事务更安全） |
| 兼容性 | CentOS 7 系统默认，yum 命令熟悉 | dnf 兼容 yum 命令，但语法更现代 |
四、封面图
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